Group A
What is 'Third Theatre?
‘Third Theatre’ is a term used to describe a theatrical
system that emerged in the mid-1960s as an alternative to traditional theatre.
It is also known as ‘alternative theatre’ or ‘fringe theatre’. The term was
coined by the Indian playwright Badal Sircar, who was one of the pioneers of
this movement. Third Theatre is characterized by its emphasis on direct
communication with the audience, use of non-realistic acting styles, and
incorporation of elements from traditional folk theatre.
Write two differences between Fine Art and Folk Art.
Fine art and folk art are two different forms of art that
have their own unique styles and purposes . Here are two differences between
them:
Formal training vs. natural talent: Fine art is often created by
professional artists who have received formal training in art, while folk art
is often created by individuals who may have a natural inclination for creating.
Individualism vs. tradition: Fine art is often celebrated
for its individualism, originality, and personal expression, while folk art is
deeply rooted in tradition and cultural context 12. Folk art is often passed
down through generations, with each generation adding its unique touch to the
art form.
What is collage?
A collage is a piece of art made by sticking various
different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric on to a
backing. The term comes from the French word ‘coller’, which means ‘to glue.
Collages can be created using a wide range of materials, including paper,
cloth, wood, and photographs. They are often used to create a new whole by
combining different forms and elements. Collages can be used to convey a
message or an idea, and they can be created in a variety of styles. If you’re
interested in creating your own collage, there are many examples available
online that can help you get started.
What is the difference between monologue and dialogue?
The main difference between monologue and dialogue is that
monologue is a speech by one person, whereas dialogue is a conversation between
two or more people . While monologues are used to reveal the inner workings of
a character and understand their motivations, dialogues are used to develop
relationships between characters and advance the plot.
What do you mean by 'Theatre in Education' (TIE)?
Theatre in Education (TIE) is a form of theatre that uses
interactive drama practices to aid the educational process. It was first
pioneered by the Belgrade Theatre in 1965 as a way to use theatre and drama to create
a range of learning opportunities for young people.
TIE typically involves a professional team of trained and
experienced actor-teachers who prepare relevant material, project, and
experiments to be presented in schools, often involving more than one visit.
The aim of TIE is educational, and it uses theatre, drama in
education, and teaching techniques for educational purposes. TIE can be
considered a method of work used by some companies all the time, and only
occasionally by others.
Ramnidhi Gupta is a famous name in the history of Bengali
music – why?
Ramnidhi Gupta (1741–1839), also known as Nidhu Babu, was a
prominent figure in the history of Bengali music 12. He was one of the
reformers of Bengali tappā music, which is a form of semi-classical vocal music
that originated in Bengal. He worked as a clerk in the office of the Chhapra
Collectorate and later became familiar with the Hindustani Tappa of Shori Mian
while receiving lessons in music from a Muslim ustad (maestro). Nidhu Babu is
best known for his refinement and composition of akhrai songs and tappā love
songs. His principal work is the Gitaratna, a book of tappā love songs (with
one exception, a tappā expressing his love for the Bengali language) .
What is 'dance'?
Dance is a form of art that involves rhythmic movements of
the body in response to music. It is a way of expressing emotions, ideas, and stories
through physical movement. Dance can be performed by individuals or groups and
can be categorized into various styles such as ballet, hip-hop, contemporary,
and many more . The history of dance dates back to ancient times when it was
used for religious and cultural purposes .
Identify two identical characteristics of 'Chhou dance'.
Chhou dance is a semi-classical Indian dance with martial
and folk traditions that originated in eastern India . It is found in three
styles named after the location where they are performed, i.e. the Purulia
Chhau of West Bengal, the Seraikella Chhau of Jharkhand, and the Mayurbhanj
Chhau of Odisha . Here are two identical characteristics of Chhou dance:
Martial movements: Chhou dance is characterized by its martial movements,
which include mock combat techniques and stylized gaits of birds and animals.
Use of masks: The use of masks is an integral part of Chhou dance, with
Purulia and Seraikella using masks to identify the character. The mask used in
Purulia Chhau is a style of Bengali clay modelled represented by Krishnanagar
School in Nadia district, while the Maharajas’ family of Seraikella introduced
a new method of making masks, symbolic in character unlike the traditional
Purulia masks.
State the origin of worli art with two special features.
Warli art is a folk painting style that originated in the
state of Maharashtra, India 12. It is mainly practiced by the Warli tribe,
which is one of the largest tribes in India and is located outside Mumbai . The
Warli culture is centered on the concept of mother nature, and elements of
nature are often the focal points depicted in Warli paintings 2. Here are two
special features of Warli art:
Geometric shapes: Warli paintings use a set of basic
geometric shapes such as circles, triangles, and squares to create their
designs.
Masks: The use of masks is an integral part of Warli art,
with Purulia and Seraikella using masks to identify the character.
Mention two advantages of Water Colour.
Watercolor is a popular painting medium that has several
advantages over other mediums. Here are two advantages of watercolor:
Quick drying time: Watercolor dries much faster than other
mediums such as oil paint, which can take days or even weeks to dry completely.
Transparency: Watercolor is known for its transparency,
which allows the artist to create subtle and delicate effects that are
difficult to achieve with other mediums.
What does 'Gharana' mean in Indian Music ?
In Indian classical music, a gharana is a system of social
organization that links musicians or dancers by lineage or apprenticeship, and
more importantly by adherence to a particular musical style. The word ‘gharana’
comes from the Hindi word ‘ghar’, which means ‘house’. It typically refers to
the place where the musical ideology originated; for example, some of the
gharanas well known for singing khyals are: Dilli (Delhi), Agra, Gwalior,
Indore, Atrauli-Jaipur, Kirana and Patiala. Four famous kathak gharanas are:
Lucknow, Atrauli-Jaipur, Benares and Raigarh . The gharana system in khyal was
rooted in the guru–shishya tradition and was similar to the Dhrupad Bani system.
What is 'folk song'?
A folk song is a song that originates in traditional popular
culture or that is written in such a style . It is often passed down by oral
tradition from one singer or generation to the next, and it may exist in
several versions. Folk songs are generally marked by simple, modal melody and
stanzaic, narrative verse. They are often associated with a particular region
or culture and can be used to express the values, beliefs, and customs of that
community . Folk songs can be found in many cultures around the world and are
often used to celebrate festivals, mark important events, or tell stories.
Write two differences between Art and Craft.
Art and craft are two different forms of creativity that
have their own unique styles and purposes . Here are two differences between
them:
Creative merit vs. learned skills: Art is often created by
artists who have innate talent and creativity, while craft is often created by
individuals who have learned a particular skill or technique through practice .
Aesthetic purpose vs. functional purpose: Art is often celebrated for
its aesthetic value, originality, and personal expression, while craft is often
created with a specific function or purpose in mind. Crafts can be decorative
or functional, such as pottery, weaving, or woodworking.
Group – B
Discuss the components of 'Poetry'.
Poetry is a form of literature that uses language to evoke
emotion, paint vivid imagery, and convey complex ideas. It is a creative art
form that has been used for centuries to express the human experience in a
unique and powerful way. Here are some of the key components of poetry:
Structure and form: Poetry comes in a variety of forms, each with its own specific
structure and rules . Some common forms include sonnets, haikus, free verse,
and ballads. The structure of a poem can affect its meaning and how it is
interpreted by the reader.
Meter:
Meter refers to the rhythm of a poem and how its syllables are stressed or
unstressed . Different meters can create different effects, such as a sense of
urgency or calmness.
Rhyme:
Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds at the end of words. It can be used
to create a sense of musicality or to emphasize certain words or phrases.
Imagery:
Imagery refers to the use of descriptive language to create vivid mental
pictures in the reader’s mind . It can be used to evoke emotions or to help the
reader better understand the poem’s meaning.
Figurative language: Figurative language is language that uses words or
expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation .
Examples include metaphors, similes, and personification.
Theme:
The theme of a poem is its underlying message or meaning . It can be expressed
through various literary devices such as imagery, metaphor, and symbolism.
Discuss the educational motives of singing prayer songs in
school.
Singing prayer songs in school can have several educational
benefits for students . Here are some of the key motives:
Promotes mindfulness: Singing prayer songs can help students become more mindful
and present in the moment. It can help them focus their attention and reduce
stress and anxiety.
Fosters a sense of community: Singing prayer songs can help
foster a sense of community and belonging among students. It can help them feel
connected to each other and to something greater than themselves.
Develops cultural awareness: Singing prayer songs from
different cultures can help students develop an appreciation for diversity and
cultural awareness. It can help them learn about different religions, customs,
and traditions.
Improves language skills: Singing prayer songs can help improve language skills such
as pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. It can also help students learn new
words and phrases in a fun and engaging way.
Encourages creativity: Singing prayer songs can encourage creativity and
self-expression among students. It can help them develop their musical
abilities and explore different styles of music.
Overall, singing prayer songs in school can have many
educational benefits for students. It can promote mindfulness, foster a sense
of community, develop cultural awareness, improve language skills, and
encourage creativity.
Discuss the reasons of EPC-2 as a compulsory paper in B.Ed.
curriculum.
EPC-2 is a compulsory paper in the B.Ed. curriculum that is
designed to enhance the professional capacity of student-teachers. The course
is offered in a workshop mode and is evaluated entirely internally. Here are
some reasons why EPC-2 is an important part of the B.Ed. curriculum:
Promotes creativity: EPC-2 focuses on drama and art in education, which can
help promote creativity and self-expression among student-teachers. It can help
them develop their artistic abilities and explore different styles of art and
drama.
Develops communication skills: EPC-2 can help
student-teachers develop their communication skills by teaching them how to use
drama and art to convey complex ideas and emotions . It can help them become
more effective communicators and better understand the needs of their students.
Fosters critical thinking: EPC-2 can help student-teachers develop critical thinking
skills by teaching them how to analyze and interpret works of art and drama .
It can help them become more reflective practitioners and better understand the
role of art and drama in education.
Enhances teaching skills: EPC-2 can help student-teachers become better teachers by
teaching them how to use drama and art to engage students in the learning
process . It can help them create a more dynamic and interactive classroom
environment that promotes learning and creativity .
EPC-2 is an important part of the B.Ed. curriculum that can
help student-teachers develop their artistic abilities, communication skills,
critical thinking skills, and teaching skills.
Discuss the role of a teacher to develop creative skills
among the students.
The role of a teacher is crucial in developing creative
skills among students. Here are some ways in which teachers can foster
creativity in their students:
Encourage exploration: Teachers should encourage students to explore their
interests and passions, and provide them with opportunities to experiment with
different forms of art and expression. This can help students discover their
strengths and develop their creative abilities.
Provide a supportive environment: Teachers should create a
supportive environment that encourages risk-taking and experimentation. This
can help students feel more comfortable expressing themselves creatively and
taking chances with their work.
Offer constructive feedback: Teachers should offer
constructive feedback that helps students improve their work without stifling
their creativity. This can help students learn from their mistakes and develop
their skills over time.
Integrate creativity into the curriculum: Teachers should integrate
creativity into the curriculum by incorporating art, music, drama, and other
forms of creative expression into their lessons. This can help students see the
value of creativity in all areas of life and develop a lifelong appreciation
for the arts.
Encourage collaboration: Teachers should encourage collaboration among students,
which can help them learn from each other and develop new ideas together. This
can also help students build social skills and learn how to work effectively in
groups.
Discuss the role of poster drama to remove 'social
distance'.
According to an article on ArtsProfessional, drama in
schools can help remove social distance without emotional distance. Drama
allows children and young people to put themselves into someone else’s shoes,
developing empathy, an essential building block of cultivating emotional
intelligence. Drama in schools also offers children an opportunity to develop
their analytical skills, unpacking complex ideas.
Poster drama is a form of drama that uses posters as a
medium for storytelling. It is a powerful tool for engaging students in the
learning process and promoting social awareness. Poster drama can be used to
explore a wide range of social issues such as bullying, discrimination, and
environmental degradation. It can help students develop their critical thinking
skills by encouraging them to analyze and interpret the messages conveyed by
the posters.
Poster drama can also help remove social distance by
creating a sense of community among students . By working together to create
posters that convey important social messages, students can develop a sense of
shared purpose and belonging. This can help break down barriers between
students and promote a more inclusive and supportive learning environment.
Overall, poster drama is an effective tool for promoting
social awareness and removing social distance in schools. By using posters as a
medium for storytelling, teachers can engage students in the learning process
and help them develop their critical thinking skills.
Explain the style and method of Worli Art.
Warli art is a tribal art form that originated in
Maharashtra, India. It is mainly practiced by the Warli tribe, which is one of
the largest tribes in India and is located outside Mumbai. Warli art is
characterized by its simple and linear style, with maximum use of triangular
shapes. The paintings are usually done on mud walls using white pigment made
from rice flour mixed with water and gum 13. Here are some key features of
Warli art:
Geometric shapes: Warli paintings use a set of basic geometric shapes such
as circles, triangles, and squares to create their designs. These shapes are
symbolic of different elements of nature. For example, the circle represents
the sun and the moon, while the triangle depicts mountains and conical trees.
Themes:
Warli paintings often depict scenes from daily life such as farming, hunting,
and fishing. They also depict social life and rituals such as weddings and
births. The paintings are often used to convey social messages and promote
social awareness.
Technique:
Warli paintings are created using a rudimentary technique that involves drawing
simple lines and shapes with a bamboo stick or brush. The paintings are usually
done on mud walls using white pigment made from rice flour mixed with water and
gum.
Warli art is an important part of India’s cultural heritage
and has gained popularity around the world for its unique style and simplicity.
How is folk dance related with the religion and culture of
India? Briefly discuss.
Folk dance is an integral part of Indian culture and
religion. It is a form of expression that has been passed down from generation
to generation and is deeply rooted in the traditions and customs of the country.
Folk dances in India are often associated with religious festivals and rituals,
and they are used to celebrate the rich cultural heritage of the country.
Folk dances in India are diverse and vary from region to
region. Each state has its own unique style of folk dance, which reflects the
local culture and traditions . Some of the most popular folk dances in India
include Bhangra, Garba, Dandiya, Lavani, and Bihu.
Folk dances in India are often performed in groups, with
dancers wearing colorful costumes and jewelry. The music for these dances is
usually provided by traditional instruments such as the dhol, tabla, and
harmonium.
Folk dance in India is intricately connected to the rich
tapestry of its diverse religions and cultures. Each region and community in
India has its own unique folk dances, often rooted in religious traditions,
rituals, and cultural practices. Here's a brief discussion on how folk dance is
related to the religion and culture of India:
- Religious
Significance:
- Many
folk dances in India have religious origins and are performed as part of
religious ceremonies, festivals, and rituals.
- For
example, Garba and Dandiya Raas in Gujarat are associated with the
festival of Navaratri, dedicated to the worship of the Hindu goddess
Durga.
- Cultural
Expressions:
- Folk
dances serve as a means of expressing cultural identity and preserving
cultural heritage. They often convey stories, myths, and legends that are
significant to a particular community or region.
- Social
Bonding:
- Folk
dances are integral to social gatherings and community events. They
contribute to social cohesion by providing a platform for people to come
together, celebrate, and share their cultural experiences.
- Regional
Diversity:
- India's
vast geographical and cultural diversity is reflected in its folk dances.
Different states and regions have their own unique dance forms that are
deeply rooted in the local traditions and customs.
- Ritualistic
Elements:
- Many
folk dances involve ritualistic elements, such as specific gestures,
costumes, and music, that are closely tied to religious practices.
- Celebration
of Seasons:
- Some
folk dances are closely tied to the agricultural calendar and the
changing seasons. They celebrate the cycles of nature and express
gratitude for a bountiful harvest.
Overall, folk dance is an important part of Indian culture
and religion. It is a way for people to express themselves creatively and
celebrate their cultural heritage.
